Learning Styles MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Learning Styles - Download Free PDF

Learning is a continuous process that does not has an end. A continuous learner can construct a lot of knowledge that is needed for him in the future. Learning is based on personal and environmental factors. Learning takes place in a spiral manner. Key Points

• Errors committed by students play the role of the source of information for the teacher to understand the cognitive abilities and learning difficulties of students to design teaching strategies accordingly.
• Errors made by students are not only useful for assessment but also indicate the level of understanding of the children.
• Explaining the reason for errors in children and giving chance to them for rectifying the errors results in authentic learning.
• Misconceptions of students can be identified and cleared by the teacher based on errors made by the students.

Hence the statement errors and mistakes are irrelevant in the process of learning is wrong.

Cognition in the teaching-learning domain is interchangeably used as ‘knowledge’. It is an ‘apprehension’, or ‘consciousness’, or ‘awareness’ of an object. It reveals or manifests all objects just as the light of a lamp reveals all physical objects. The object of apprehension may be a substance, quality, an act, an emotion, the existent and non-existent things of the world.

Key Points

• Cognitive skills are those skills that help learners to read effectively, write passages, essays, reports, make numerical calculations, and expedite Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills.
• Cognitive skills are the basic mental abilities that we use to think, study, and learn. Cognitive skills accelerate learners’ efficiency, strengthen their ability, and capability in learning activities. In a sense, they make learners’ learning easy and comfortable. It is stated that cognitive skills are the skills that help learners in the transfer of their skills to the requisite skills to facilitate their study and establish learning as an easy process. In the given problem, the field of cognitive learning ability is to make a chart.
• Cognitive skills have some essential components.
  • Perception: The term “perception” is understood here as looking at things from the right perspectives. But it is noticed that different people perceive an issue differently because of various reasons which we are not elucidating here because it is not our present concern. 
  • Memory: Memory is one of the main components of cognitive skills that help learners in remembering, and recapitulating events, concepts, or particular objects in their actual forms.
  • Thinking: Thinking logically means thinking step by step or in chronological order. And to do so learners need the support of mental processes. It guides us to apply our reasons constantly and consistently to achieve a particular pre-determined goal and even assists us to get multiple solutions to a problem. It improvises our performance in reading, writing, searching/ browsing, and organizing study materials.
  • Concentration: Concentration is one of the chief mental functions of human beings. It is an ability that assists learners to remain mentally alert on a particular object, issue, subject content, etc., and observe the same carefully.
  • Rational Attitude: Rational attitude is interpreted here as positive behavior towards an issue or an object, or subject of a study. It says not to give up your hope on any issue. If you are determined and committed to doing a task, and wish to work on your shortcomings to overcome the avoidable barriers, you can reach your target.

Thus, it can be concluded that The field of cognitive learning ability is remembering.

Learning is a continuous process that does not has an end. A continuous learner can construct a lot of knowledge that is needed for him in the future. Learning is based on personal and environmental factors. Learning takes place in a spiral manner. Key Points

• Errors committed by students play the role of the source of information for the teacher to understand the cognitive abilities and learning difficulties of students to design teaching strategies accordingly.
• Errors made by students are not only useful for assessment but also indicate the level of understanding of the children.
• Explaining the reason for errors in children and giving chance to them for rectifying the errors results in authentic learning.
• Misconceptions of students can be identified and cleared by the teacher based on errors made by the students.

Hence the statement errors and mistakes are irrelevant in the process of learning is wrong.

Errors made by children during the learning process are often seen as a natural part of development and cognitive growth. In the classroom, teachers must approach these errors thoughtfully, recognizing them as opportunities for further learning.

Key Points

•  Children’s errors are a part of learning and give insight into their thinking.
• When a child makes an error, it provides valuable information about their current understanding of the concept or skill.
• Errors are not necessarily a sign of failure; instead, they offer teachers an opportunity to identify where misconceptions or gaps in knowledge exist.
• By analyzing these errors, teachers can tailor their approach to address specific needs, clarify misunderstandings, and guide children toward a deeper understanding of the material.
• This process encourages critical thinking and promotes a growth mindset.

Hint

•  Immediate correction through repeated practice may not always address the underlying cause of the error and can potentially discourage children by focusing solely on repetition rather than understanding.
• Errors are not insignificant in the teaching-learning process; they serve as crucial learning tools and can reveal how children process information.
• Errors do not reflect carelessness; they are often a sign of the complexity of learning and a natural step in the developmental process.

Hence, the correct answer is that errors are a part of learning and give an insight into their thinking.

The correct answer is Skinner.

Key Points

• B.F. Skinner was a renowned American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.
• Skinner is best known for his work on operant conditioning, a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.
• He defined learning as a change in behavior due to experience, emphasizing the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.
• Skinner’s experiments with the Skinner box (operant conditioning chamber) provided empirical support for his theories on behavior modification.
• His work laid the foundation for behavior therapy and has had a profound impact on education, psychology, and behavior management.

Additional Information

• Operant Conditioning
  • A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
  • Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding.
  • Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs.
  • Punishment, on the other hand, is intended to reduce a behavior by introducing an unpleasant consequence.
• Classical Conditioning
  • Developed by Ivan Pavlov, it involves learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response.
• Thorndike's Law of Effect
  • Edward Thorndike's principle stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are likely to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated.
• Behaviorism
  • A school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and disregards mental activities, emphasizing the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior.
  • John B. Watson is considered the father of behaviorism, advocating for the study of behavior as a natural science.

Learner involvement refers to the direct participation of learners in the shaping of their study program at any level from the provision of materials for a specific learning task to the negotiation of assessment procedures or study mode.

• Planning is a very important task of developing curriculum and subject matter as per the needs, aspirations, age, or abilities of children.
• For the curriculum development, students should be involved as student experts to give their views and opinions which will be helpful in designing the course of students to cater to the diverse needs of learners.
• Curriculum development is effective only when the students are involved in the planning process of development. 
• The contribution of the learner to the curriculum is known as learner investment. Students are involved in curriculum development to participate in developing the curriculum.

Hence, we conclude that when children are involved in planning, it helps teachers to take into account the varied learning styles of young children and their individual differences.

Homework is not a learning device because the student may do homework in pressure or in fear. It is not the method of teaching-learning through which a teacher can evaluate students performance or teach the student accordingly.

Individualize learning devices: The following guidelines may be considered while creating an individual learning situation in the classroom

• Communicate assignments/activity clearly, so that each student can have a full understanding of what he/she is supposed to do. If necessary, give an example to illustrate your point.
• Monitor student’s work: While the activity is going on, you should move around the class and provide help whenever necessary. Do not interfere else they may feel discouraged.
• Review work: Students will work at different speeds, so the class will not finish the task at the same time. In a large class size, checking student’s work is a challenging task. Sometimes, this can be accomplished by getting students’ to check each other’s work. This is particularly appropriate for assignments involving fixed / specific answers. But certain assignments require your careful reading.
• Provide appropriate feedback: Learning occurs when students receive feedback on the performance of their assignments. All assignments need to be corrected and feedback should be given. This should occur as soon as possible after the assignments have been handed over.

Management of Group Learning/Group work:

• In whole-class learning and individual learning, there is one the major limitation which is the students cannot interact freely with each other.
• One of the main advantages of the group-learning approach is that it can be used to achieve an extremely wide range of educational objectives, especially higher-cognitive objectives of all types like problem-solving, decision-making, and other complex life skills.
• It is also an approach for developing creative thinking and other divergent thought processes. It is effective in achieving all types of effective and interpersonal objectives.

Hence, we conclude that Homework is not a learning device.

Learning strategies refer to the various approaches, processes, and actions that the learner applies to learn a concept. These are the learner’s own way of organizing and using specific sets of skills to achieve expected learning outcomes.

Here, all the above-mentioned activities are examples of effective learning strategies. 

Let's Understand in Brief:

Hence, it could be concluded that all the above-mentioned activities are the examples of effective learning strategies. 

Defense mechanisms are learned and designed to tackle self-devaluation, anxiety, and hurt and operate automatically at habitual levels. They typically involve measures of self-deception and distortion. Defense mechanisms are usually exercised in combination instead of singly and quite often they are combined with task-oriented behavior. To a great extent, they are necessary to soften failure, alleviate anxiety and hurt, and protect feelings of significance adequacy, and worth. Normally, they are adjustive reactions but sometimes they seriously interfere with the effective resolution of stress. Defense mechanisms may feature in a negative or a positive form.

Key PointsHere, Shyam is handicapped, he has trouble adjusting with the rest of the children in the class, then he tries to establish the adjustment in the class by bringing first place in the class. The compensatory method is being adopted by Shyam.

• Compensation: When a person feels inferior or inadequate because of some real or imagined personal short-coming or weakness or any setback and failure in life, he reacts in his defense through compensation. Such a reaction may take any form and may be constructive task-oriented or deliberate.
• Overcoming a physical handicap through sustained effort and exercise is an example of compensation. The compensatory reaction or behavior may be a deciding factor for success in life. 
• Mostly compensatory behavior is indirect.  Often a physically unattractive person may develop a pleasing personality or a physically weak person may become a good scholar instead of becoming an athlete.

Thus, it is concluded that Shyam has adopted compensatory device.

Additional InformationThe various types of defense mechanisms are there: 

• Reaction: When an individual protects himself from the dangerous desire by developing a conscious attitude and behavior patterns opposite to repression, he uses reaction formation. In this situation, one conceals hate with love and cruelty with kindness. Thus he creates hurdles or barriers that reinforce his repression.
• Regression: Regression is a defense mechanism in which one performs reverted behavior. In regression, an individual retreats from reality and may exhibit behavior that is not normally expected from that person. 
• Repression: When a person excludes painful thoughts from his conscious awareness he uses repression. Very often it has been considered as selective forgetting but it is selective remembering. The matter one represses and refuses to include in the conscious awareness is not really forgotten. 
• Rationalization: When a person justifies his maladaptive behavior by false logic or ascribes it to noble motives which do not inspire it, it is called rationalization.  
• Displacement: In displacement, the person shifts his feelings of hostility and anxiety from the person who is the real cause to another person. Very often displacement is used in difficult emotional situations.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behaviour, knowledge, and skill as a result of practice and experience. There are different kinds of learning approaches in fashion to facilitate productive learning.

Key Points

The above-mentioned characteristic is related to 'Discovery learning' as it is a self-discovery approach which emphasizes to make the process of problem-solving and decision making quick and efficient by:

• raising problems before students to activate their logical thinking power.
• emphasizing active involvement of students to boost their understanding.
• promoting the use of critical thinking, imaginative thinking, and brainstorming.
• enabling students to acquire knowledge by discovering the facts themselves.
• making students able to pose questions and make decisions in search of understanding.

Important Points

Trying to learn by emerging new rule through given learning material helps students in:

• retaining information and concepts for a longer period.
• enhancing skills and a better understanding of the concept.
• nurturing their curiosity and interest in the learning process.
• gaining concrete experience by actively engaging with content.
• assimilating practical knowledge by applying theoretical knowledge.

Hence, it could be concluded that the above-mentioned characteristic is related to 'Discovery learning'.

Additional Information

Operant conditioning:- B.F Skinner propounded this theory as a way of learning by means of rewards and punishments.

Important Points

• Also known as instrumental conditioning. 
• It is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.
• This type of conditioning holds that certain behavior and a consequence, either a reward or punishment, have a connection that brings about learning.
• Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a
• Behavior and a consequence, whether negative or positive, for that behavior.

Thus, it is concluded that Learning through reward and punishment is related to Operant conditioning learning.

Hint

• Classical conditioning:- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist has propounded the Classical conditioning theory which emphasizes that learning as a habit formation is based on the principle of association and substitution.
• Social learning:- Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes.
• Cognitive theory:- Jean Piaget observed infants in a context, and used movement to understand what children were thinking.

Learning is among the fundamental processes underlying human behavior. It affects all aspects of human behavior. For example, a symbol of a pen or pencil helps you to think and interpret in different ways. You may say that the symbols represent writing an answer for a question or completing a self-test question. Therefore, you learned the meaning of symbols and languages for responding to a symbol or picture.

Key Points

Motor learning:-  Motor learning is a complex process occurring in the brain in response to practice or experience of a certain skill resulting in changes in the central nervous system. It allows for the production of a new motor skill. Motor learning requires practice, feedback, and knowledge of results. Motor skills required the coordination of muscles. These skills are generally performed without any deep thinking. These skills are classified into:

• Gross motor skills: It includes large muscle activities like running, walking, climbing, etc.
• Fine motor skills: It includes the coordination and movements of small muscles like writing, drawing, etc.

Important Points

Drawing a geometrical design is a type of motor learning. As to draw a geometrical figure, a student requires skills to draw a geometrical design through motor learning and by using motor skills. 

Hint

Hence, we can conclude that drawing a geometrical design is a type of motor learning.

Learning is a continuous process that does not has an end. A continuous learner can construct a lot of knowledge that is needed for him in the future. Learning is based on personal and environmental factors. Learning takes place in a spiral manner. Key Points

• Errors committed by students play the role of the source of information for the teacher to understand the cognitive abilities and learning difficulties of students to design teaching strategies accordingly.
• Errors made by students are not only useful for assessment but also indicate the level of understanding of the children.
• Explaining the reason for errors in children and giving chance to them for rectifying the errors results in authentic learning.
• Misconceptions of students can be identified and cleared by the teacher based on errors made by the students.

Hence the statement errors and mistakes are irrelevant in the process of learning is wrong.

Learned helplessness underlies psychological cases of depression. It has been found that continuous failure in a set of tasks shows the occurrence of learned helplessness. 

In other words, one's tendency to avoid taking any action for a successful escape from an aversive or painful situation due to the history of failed attempts.

Learned helplessness is often measured in terms of the subject’s ability and persistence before they give up the task. It is acquired behavior that will not succeed and Continuous failure which leads to little persistence and poor performance. This shows helplessness. A child acquires the behavior that he will not succeed in his tasks. 

• Children who had a history of abuse and neglect during their childhood and adolescence can develop a state of learned helplessness.
• helplessness impairs a number of the positive condition of life such as coping, adjustment, control, competency, involvement, and intellectual attainments.
• It also accentuates some of the negative conditions such as depression, disease susceptibility
• The loss of self-esteem may also occur if the individual believes that he/she is personally accountable for the situation.
• Other effects of elder abuse may include feelings such as separation, guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, and rejection

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that the cause of learned helplessness in children is their acquired behavior that they will not succeed. 

Learning can be defined as the process by which any relatively permanent change in behavior occurs as a result of practice and /or experience. Changes that occur due to growth, maturation, fatigue, or injury are not included in learning. Thus learning brings about improvement in performance.

Social learning - learning that is facilitated through social interactions with other individuals. Certain social responses are reinforced by society if they are acceptable as per the norms of the society.

Key Points In addition to other mechanisms social learning involves ‘imitation’ of the role models which is a process by which individuals learn new behavior by observing others, also called modeling or observational learning. 

• Imitation can be defined as the copying of behavior. To a biologist, interest in imitation is focused on its adaptive value for the survival of the organism. Imitations are sometimes referred to as opaque imitations because they are difficult to account for without positing cognitive mechanisms, such as perspective-taking, that most animals have not been acknowledged to have. 
• So we can consider that learning through imitation of others is called Social learning.

Important Points

• Behavioristic learning: Behavioristic theories or Behaviorism constitute the traditional theories of Learning. These theories were propounded by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson. The behaviorists attribute learning to the association between stimulus and response. Behavioristic theories are also called the connectionist theories of learning because of their emphasis on the connection between the stimulus and the response. They mainly deal with the role played by conditioning in the process of learning.
• Discovery learning: Discovery learning is the type of learning in which students can learn by finding the correct approach for the problem through their cognition.
• Humanistic learning: This is a learning in which learning totally depends on the interest, needs, and abilities of the child, it is also called student-centered learning. Students are encouraged to learn in this type of learning.