______ is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan in 1947.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• The Indian Independence Act of 1947 partitioned British India into two separate dominions, India and Pakistan, based on religious lines.
• The act facilitated the transfer of power from British colonial rule to the newly formed governments of India and Pakistan.
•  It granted full legislative authority to India and Pakistan, establishing them as independent and sovereign nations.
• The partition resulted in widespread communal violence and riots between religious communities, leading to a significant loss of life and displacement of people.
•  The act allowed princely states to choose between joining India, joining Pakistan, or remaining independent, leaving the decision to the rulers of these states.

Additional Information

•  The Rowlatt Act, also known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was a legislative act passed by the British colonial government in India during the period of British rule.
  • It was named after its sponsor, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, who was a British judge.
• The Government of India Act refers to several legislative acts passed by the British Parliament during the period of British rule in India.
  • These acts were intended to regulate and govern the administration of British India.
• ​Pitt's India Act, officially known as the East India Company Act 1784, was an important piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament under the leadership of Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger.
  • The act was designed to bring about significant reforms in the governance and administration of the British East India Company's territories in India.