The part of the runoff that enters the stream immediately after the rainfall is called direct runoff. The total direct runoff is the sum of _________. 

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SSC JE Civil 06 Jun 2024 Shift 1 Official Paper - 1
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  1. surface runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration
  2. overland flow and infiltration
  3. rainfalls
  4. surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation
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Explanation:

Based on the time delay between the precipitation and the runoff, the runoff is classified as

a) Direct Runoff → It is that part of runoff which enters the stream immediately after rainfall. It includes surface runoff, prompt interflow and rainfall on the surface of system. In case of snow melt, the resulting flow entering the stream is also a direct runoff.

b) Base flow → The delayed flow that reaches a stream essentially as groundwater is called base flow. Many times delayed interflow is included in this category
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